"The Craft" by Rishi Dastidar (ed) (Nine Arches Press, 2019)

I have a few book on how to write poetry, amongst them -

• Judson Jerome's "The poet's handbook". An old classic. "Most good poetry is metrical writing", it says, with chapters on accentual syllabic meter, end rhymes, etc, ending with chapters entitled "Sensationalism in modern poetry" and "Finding and audience: publication."
• Paul Hyland's "Getting into poetry". This is much more about the UK poetry scene - movements, readings, small-press, competitions, organisations, where to get help.
• Ruth Padel's "52 ways of looking at a poem". This has articles about particular poems. I like it.

Nowadays a book to help poets develop needs to be more than a text book containing the rules of sestinas, the use of line-breaks, etc. Sections on Marketing and Networking are useful too, as are sections on various moral and psychological issues, and how to avoid scams. And the examples shouldn't just be from old, canonical poems. What brought this home to me years ago was reading John Redmond's How to write a poem, which dealt with several broader issues and used a Jorie Graham poem in the final chapter ("one of the greatest poems of the late twentieth century") to bring together the ideas from earlier chapters. It's not a beginner's book.

This new book, "The Craft", has articles/essays by many practicing poets. In his Foreward, Dastidar notes that craft "can become a way of excluding people from the art, through suggesting ideas of standards that are unclear to beginners - and even to those who have been writing for a while" (p.11). I've experienced this when others are admired for their mastery of line-breaks. He goes on to write that the book's aim isn't "to supplant craft in poetry or overthrow it, but rather to broaden and deepen what it means in the 21st century".

The sections deal with Forms, Making Poems, Bringing Poems to Life, and Craft meeting Real Life. I like the approach. It mixes informative sections with sections that focus on the poet. Indeed, I'd be tempted to have sections that pull back even further from the text itself. Why are you trying to write poetry rather than prose? Why write at all? Why show your work to others? Creative Writing tutors alas have a vested interested in keeping people writing.

Personal mentors also want the people who pay them to continue writing, though I heard on a podcast recently a mentor who said that she sometimes only had a single meeting with clients. A mentor can ask the client what they want and help them achieve it. Or the mentor may begin by finding out what the client really wants - if they think they were brought up badly, publishing poetry about their experiences may not be the best option.

I suppose it has to be the pupils' choice in the end so why shouldn't they write poetry if they want to, even if they might be more successful - even by their own definition of "success" - if they wrote prose. And this book will help them. Anyone who writes poetry will find help here, along with things to argue against. The articles all include practical advice.

Marvin Thompson gives useful advice about choosing sestina end-words and breaking rules - see also my sestinas article. I don't agree with Carrie Etter's definition of the prose poem, or with the idea of producing such a definition (though I agree with her observation that "writers generally fall into one of two camps: those who 'spill' or overwrite and them slash away, and those who build a piece of writing word by word" - I'm a builder). I prefer Tania Hershman's article showing how assumptions and techniques can be sneaked across the border between prose and poetry - "I often find with both stories and poems that I have buried the beginning in the middle, because I've had to write my way into it, the way a high-jumper has a run-up before she leaps. So I delete the first paragraph, the first few lines".

Karen McCarthy Woolf gets a bit heavy - "The possibility to expose and resist the binary via the couplet's duality, which can simultaneously rupture and repair, was also compelling". Caroline Bird makes several points I'm going to bear in mind -

• "When you reach the line you instinctively suspect is the end (perhaps it neatly sums up an an emotion or brings the situation to a close, or lands on a particularly beautiful image) slalom through it"
• "A metaphor doesn't know it's a metaphor, it thinks it's real, just like a dream believes itself, so the poet's job is to dream the dream not translate it"
• "keep writing until the subject matter is no longer what the poem is about"
• "If you commit with enough gusto and grit to following the impetus of language, writing into the nothingness, focusing on the pictures as they appear in your head, then literally any subject matter can and will lead you to profundity whether you like it or not"

Monizi Alvi tackles line-breaks - "it's as well that reasons can be given for them in terms of what they're doing, or achieving, in the poem" she writes. Indeed, but even when she can choose the poems to comment upon, I don't find her explanations convincing. She writes "I was also keen to to avoid any possible rigidity of form" yet in the accompanying extract the left-alignments are regularly organised. Antosh Wojcik's piece might work better as a live demo.

The pieces are enthusiastic rather than balanced, not mentioning downsides. Rishi Dastidar suggests that poets try the very types of (gimmicky?) titles that make me distrust the poem. Liz Berry's advocacy of the vernacular could be viewed as privileging of one's own language over that of the majority of readers - should the English abroad really continue speaking English, only louder?

Dean Atta discusses writing in other voices, a topic whose controversies are largely evaded here. If people are impressed by a poem in the voice of a racist homophobic white man, it shouldn't matter who wrote it. You might think that a non-racist female would have more difficulty writing this than a racist homophobic white man would, but knowing that Patricia Smith wrote the poem doesn't make the poem better - it makes the poet more impressive. And if Patricia Smith's poem wasn't good, I don't see why it's any more shameful than writing a poem unconvincingly set in Paris. Atta suggests reasons why poets might want to adopt personae - "Do you want to better understand and empathise with someone who has wronged you? Do you want to write a bridge between your experience and theirs? Do you want to highlight some universal truth that transcends race, gender, sexuality, age, etc? Or are you simply just bored or writing about yourself?"

Clare Pollard in her article on translation points out how it can lead to friendships and to escaping the limitation of local trends. She admits to admiring Somali poetry "which can seem clumsy ... the politically charged rhetoric ... the seeming bagginess, the extreme alliteration, the shifts in address, the digressions" thinking that "they just use techniques which are currently deemed 'unfashionable' on Creative Writing courses".

Harry Man, dealing with tech, points out that "It's often said among the security services, their successes are private and their failures are public, where for poets the inverse is true". I've never used Instagram. He points out that "Instapoetry's craft is in its hashtags and the timing of posts, in its similarities to famous quotes, its combinations of backdrops and text, consistency of style and approach, community interaction, keywords .... These elements of an instapoem's craft have usurped a lot of the techniques we're used to seeing ... So nobody panic, the instapoem is just as well crafted, it's just that we can't always see the brushstrokes". The list of apps (for AR, etc) is eye-opening. I might try a few.

Joelle Taylor points out that spoken word "is bound with the politics of class, race and gender", and that "Authenticity is a key word in the art. When dissected 'authentic' invariably means 'working class'".

Julia Webb offers tips on how to write about others without upsetting them. She also points out that "Changing or losing some of the details of a real-life event can make it more believable as a poem".

The nearest I've come to writing this type of article is Truth to materials and Heather McHugh which fits in with the Craft theme, but is short on practical advice.

Other reviews

• then do better
• Jake Morris-Campbell
• Billy Mills ('The Technique' would make for a less snappy book title, but perhaps a more accurate one.)